Child Labor Childhood, Emotional, And Spiritual...

Child labor can cause children to have mental, emotional, and spiritual development for the children. In 2012, 44.6 million children of Asia are working at factories at the age of 5-17. At the same year, 11.6 percent of the children from China were in child labor at ages 10-14. Child labor affects the child’s education, which will cause them to be uneducated which will also affect their future. Some of the children in child labor might even die because they do not get enough sleep and does not get full each meal because of dangerous working conditions. Some children wake up early to work but does not stop working until very late at night. Children do not get the pay they deserve even when they are very poor and needs these money for their family. Many children are in child labor because their families are poor and can not afford for them to go to school, which will affect their education and also their future. Most of the children who are in child labor live on the countryside , which is poor. Families in the countryside do not have enough money to pay for health care or might not have enough money to raise a child. Many families in this situation would choose to sell their children to factories or to work as slaves. After the child is sold, the family members will not know how much pain the child is in. If the child did not listen to the owner, the child would get punished, either whipped or be beaten hardly with a shovel. Children who were in child labor lived in a small,Show MoreRelatedChild Labor : Childhood, Emotional, And Spiritual Development For Children3105 Words   |  13 PagesChild labor can cause children to have mental, emotional, and spiritual development for the children. In 2012, 44.6 million children of Asia are working at factories at the age of 5-17. At the same year, 11.6 percent of the children from China were in child labor at ages 10-14. Child labor affects the child’s education, which will cause them to be uneducated which will also affect their future. Some of the children in child labor might even die because they do not get enough sleep and does not getRead MorePoverty, Child Labor, And Child Hunger1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe social issues that are currently happening in today s society are children in poverty, child labor, and child hunger. Children in poverty is a typical social issue occurring in society today. â€Å"More than 16 million children in the United States – 22% of all children – live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level† (â€Å"National Center For Children In Poverty,† n.d.). The federal poverty level measures the amount of income a family takes in per year. It varies depending on the numberRead MoreFather s Role As A Child s Development1478 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing very important to a child s development and brings out positive benefits when they’re actively involved. A father who is involved ensures a sufficient amount of cognitive ability, supports the child s educational achievements and awareness of overall health and social behavior. Fathers are more than just the second adult in the home. When involved fathers, biological or not, they bring positive benefits to a child that no other person is likely to bring. A child without a father figure i nRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Problem Within The U.s. Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Trafficking Human Trafficking is a problem within the U.S. and Globally. Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may involve providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the withdrawal of organs or tissues, including for replacement and ova removal. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the personRead MoreWhat Happens During The Prenatal Period And The Early Years Of A Child s Life2315 Words   |  10 Pagesyears, interactions with parents, family members, and other adults and children influence the way the brain develops, as do such factors as nutrition and environmental safety. Although it is never too late to improve health and well-being, what happens during infancy and toddlerhood sets the stage for the journey through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Pre-Natal Period The first stage of labor encompasses the onset of labor to the complete dilatation of the cervix, and is subdivided into latentRead MoreChild Abuse in India2816 Words   |  12 Pagesurban poor in India are forcing growing numbers of children to toil often in subhuman conditions. They are deprived of their most basic rights as children, including education and a joyful childhood. Most have never been to school or dropped out at very youngages.despite of the fact that 9% of the world’s children live in India. 42% of India’s total population are aged below eighteen.India is home to almost 19 percent of the world’s children,child protection has remained largely unaddressed. In manyRead MoreThe Median Household Income2085 Words   |  9 PagesManagement and Budget, â€Å"using the consumer price index, the average income for poverty for a family of four was $23,492† (www.CongressionalDigest.com 13). In 2012, 21.8% of children under the age of eighteen lived in poverty, (16.1 million) (www.CongressionalDigest.com 13). â€Å"The U.S recession has pushed the number of poor children to the highest level since 1994† (Duncan, Kalil, and Ziol-Guest 28). A small segment of the population of top earners are doing far better than they ever had before whileRead MoreResponsible Parenthood2167 Words   |  9 Pagesaspiration of the family and children. The size of a family should be a shared responsibility of a couples or parents based on their available resources and the standard of living they wish to achieve. The family, in its varying forms, constitutes the primary focus of love, acceptance, and nurture, bringing fulfillment to parents and child. Healthful and whole personhoods develops as one is loved, responds to love, and in that relationship comes to wholeness as a child of God. Importance of havingRead MoreChildren s Lack Of Protection Essay2391 Words   |  10 PagesVulnerable children Introduction - children vulnerability and Marginalization in this era are big problem in the country. Many issue related to children Vulnerability and Marginalization as that children poverty, discrimination, violence, child abuse are broad theme. Now should need care and protection while abuse and violence, child sexual abuse, streets children, children living with AIDS, child in armed conflict, girl child, children with disability, children affected by substance abuse, birthRead More Child Labor Essay example1876 Words   |  8 PagesChild labor is considered as a form of child abuse, it being the exploitation of a child’s rights and freedoms. Therefore, child labour is when underage children are employed, this happens because a child labourer is paid less than an adult labourer. Consequently employers have more children working for them because they spend less paying the children. â€Å"Child labor usually means work that is done by children under the age of 15 (14 in some developing countries) that restricts or damages a childs

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder - 2066 Words

Heartaches of the Brain Introduction to Bipolar Disorder Imagine feeling sad and hopeless for days, weeks, or even months on end, then suddenly rocketing to an overly exaggerated outlook on things. Try to envision feeling the highs and lows of innumerable emotions day after day, riding your own emotional rollercoaster and feeling like you’ll never be able to get off. This is common for one suffering from bipolar disorder also known as manic depression. According to our text book Invitation to The Life Span, bipolar disorder is a condition characterized by extreme mood swings, from euphoria to deep depression, not caused by outside experiences. This disorder can make everyday tasks difficult. For instance fighting the urge to impulsively quit your job or even maintain social relationships while battling yourself emotionally. It is not uncommon for people to suffer unknowingly with this disorder for a long period of time. According to the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health. (n.d.). Statistics: Any Disor der Among Adults. Retrieved March 5, 2013, â€Å"One in four adults—approximately 61.5 million Americans-experiences a mental illness in a given year.’’ That’s â€Å"one in seventeen about 13.6 million—live with a serious mental illness’’ like manic depression. However not all is lost, one can live a happy, normal productive life with bipolar disorder. Causes of Bipolar The essential cause of bipolar disorder is still unknown but I’m optimistic thatShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder706 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by changes in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. 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Furthermore, due to the extreme mood swings and emotionalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages1 HelenKeller541 Physiology October 26, 2016 Abstract: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder; also referred to as manic depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a depressive disorder with manic episodes, it is placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostics in terms of symptomology, family historyRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is simply defined as a manic depressive illness, which affects a persons mood and energy. However, the way it affects a person’s mood is dramatic and severe. 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Current Harmonic Compensation and Power Factor.Docx free essay sample

Current Harmonic Compensation and Power Factor Improvement by Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter ABSTRACT In this paper the current harmonic can be compensated by using the Shunt Active Power Filter, Passive Power Filter and the combination of both. The system has the function of voltage stability, and harmonic suppression. The reference current can be calculated by dq transformation. An improved generalized integrator control was proposed to improve the performance of APF. The simulation results of the non- linear systems have been carried out with MATLAB 7. 6. 1. INTRODUCTION The growing use of electronic equipment produces a large mount of harmonics in the power distribution systems because of non-sinusoidal currents consumed by non-linear loads. Some of the examples for non-linear loads are diode-rectifiers, thyristor converters, adjustable speed drives, furnaces, computer power supplies, uninterruptible power supplies, etc. Even though these devices are economical, flexible and en ergy efficient, they may degrade power quality by creating harmonic currents and consuming excessive reactive power. The above phenomena can cause many problems such as resonance, excessive neural currents, low power factor etc. Harmonic distortion in power distribution ystems can be suppressed using two approaches namely, passive and active powering. The passive filtering is the simplest conventional solution to mitigate the harmonic distortion. Although simple, the use passive elements do not always respond correctly to the dynamics of the power distribution systems. Over the years, these passive filters have developed to high level of sophistication. Some even tuned to bypass specific harmonic frequencies. Conventional passive filters consist of inductance, capacitance, and resistance elements configured and tuned to control the harmonics. The singletuned â€Å"notch† filter is the most common and economical ype of passive filter. The notch filter is connected in shunt with the power distribution system and is series-tuned to present low impedance to a particular harmonic current. Thus, harmonic currents are diverted from their normal flow path through the filter. Another popular type of passive filter is the high-pass filter (HPF). Passive LC filters are generally used to reduce these problems, but they have many de-merits such as its being bulk and heavy, and its resonance, tuning problem, fixed compensation, noise, increased losses, etc. On the contrary, the APF can solve the aforementioned problems and is often used to ompensate current harmonics and low power factor that is caused by non-linear loads. In an APF connection, it was roughly classified as in series (series APF) and in parallel (shunt APF). In this paper the combination of both passive power filter and Active power filter can be implemented to suppress the harmonics. 2. CONFIGURATION OF THE SYSTEM Fig. 1 shows a proposed system consisting of a Shunt active power filter and Passive filter. The purpose of using this combined system is to reduce the harmonics effectively. The power factor also improve d by using the combined system. Figure 1 Combination of shunt active filter and passive ilter The main circuit of the active filter is the PWM inverter using IGBT. The PWM inverter has a dc capacitance of 2000 ? F. 3. SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER 3. 1. Control Circuit of Shunt Active FilterThe overall control circuit of shunt active filter is shown in Figure 2 The Reference current is calculated by abc to dq transformation technique. The output of the reference current calculation in compared with the output of the shunt active filter, the error signal is given to the Improved Generalized integrator controller (IGIC). The pulses can be generated using PWM generator and given to the inverter to produce the compensating current. Figure 2 Overall control circuit of SAPF International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4 – No. 3, July 2010 10 3. 2 Reference Current Calculation The reference current can be calculated using the dq transformation technique. The load current is given to the abc to dq transformation module. The output is given to the block which is given by (1) The simulation diagram for reference current calculation is shown in Figure 3 The input of the reference current calculator is the load current. The load current is the combination of the harmonic current and the fundamental current. But the output of the reference urrent calculator is the fundamental current. Figure 3 Reference current calculation 3. 3 Improved generalised Integrator controller An improved generalized integrator control (IGIC) was proposed to increase the performance of harmonic suppression. IGIC is a PI controller used to eliminate error between the filter current and the harmonic current. It consists of several PI controller. Each controller is tuned to reduce the particular harmonics. The structure of Improved Generalized Integrator Controller (IGIC) is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 PI controller using the stationary-frame generalized integrators. SIMULATION RESULTS The simulation results are compared with the control method of Passive Power Filter, Active Power Filter and the combination of Passive Power Filter and Active Power Filter. 4. 1 Results For passive Power Filter The simulation diagram with Passive Power Filter is shown in Figure 4. The diagram consists of the source, non-linear load and Passive Power Filter Figure 4 Simulation diagram with PPF Figure 5 shows the waveform of supply current before compensation. It consist of fundamental current as well as the harmonic current due to the non-linear load Figure 5 Supply current waveform –before compensation Figure 6 Spectrum analysis of supply current-Before compensation Fig. 6 shows the spectrum analysis of supply current before compensation. The Total Harmonic Distortion of the Time(s) Amplitude [A] A] Harmonic order THD = 30. 44% 20 0 Mag [% of fundamental] International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4 – No. 3, July 2010 11 supply current is 30. 44%. Figure 7 shows the waveform of supply current after compensation. It consist of fundamental current only. The harmonic current present in the supply current is eleminated by using the Passive Power Filter. Figure 7 Supply current waveform –after compensation sing PPF Figure 8 shows the spectrum analysis of supply current after compensation. The Total Harmonic Distortion of the supply current is reduced to 4. 10% from 30. 44%. Figure 8 Spectrum analysis of supply current- after compensation using PPF 4. 2 Results For Shunt Active Power Filter The simulation diagram with shunt Active Power Filte r is shown in Figure 9. The diagram consists of the source, non-linear load, shunt Active Power Filter and its control circuit. Figure 9 Simulation diagram with SAPF Figure 10 shows the waveform of supply current after compensation. It consist of fundamental current only. The harmonic current present in the supply current is eleminated by using the Shunt Active Power Filter. The distortion present in the supply current is reduced when compared to PPF compensation Figure 10 Supply current waveform –after compensation using SAPF Figure 11 shows the spectrum analysis of supply current after compensation. The Total Harmonic Distortion of the supply current is reduced to 4. 85% from 30. 44% . Figure 11 Spectrum analysis of supply current- after compensation using SAPF 4. 3 Results For the combination of shunt Active Power Filter and Passive Power Filter The simulation diagram with shunt Active Power Filter nd PPF is shown in Fig. 12. The diagram consists of the source, non-linear load, Passive Power Filter, shunt Active Power Filter and its control circuit. Figure 12 simulation diagram with SAPF and PPF Harmonic order THD = 4. 96% 2. 5 0 Time(s) Time(s) Amplitude [A] Harmonic order THD = 4. 85% 3. 5 0 Mag [% of fundamental] Mag [% of fundamental] In ternational Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4 – No. 3, July 2010 12 Figure 13 shows the waveform of supply current after compensation. The waveform is more sinusoidal when compared to other two techniques. Figure 13 Supply current waveform –after ompensation using SAPF and PPF Figure 14 shows the spectrum analysis of supply current after compensation. The Total Harmonic Distortion of the supply current is reduced to 1. 95% from 30. 44% Figure 14 Spectrum analysis of supply current- after compensation uing SAPF and PPF 4. 4 Comparison of Results The numarical values of the harmonics are listed in table 1. The comparisons are made between before compensation, Shunt Active Filter and the combination of Shunt Active Power Filter and Shunt passive Filter. Table 1. Comparison of % of harmonics Harmonic order % of harmonics Before Compensation SAPF SAPF + PPF 3rd 4. 79 0. 70 0. 35 th 18. 91 3. 28 0. 96 7th 14. 24 2. 56 1. 10 9th 1. 16 0. 89 0. 74 11th 1. 66 1. 33 0. 11 13th 7. 75 1. 34 0. 45 Table 1 shows the comparison chart of harmonic order. The % of harmonics can be reduced in the combination of Shunt Active Filter and Passive Power Filter when compared to Passive Power Filter alone. For the comparison only even order harmonics only considered. The graphical representation of the values are shown in fig. 15. Figure 15 Graphical representation of harmonic order Table 2 shows the % of THD of PPF, SAPF and the combination of SAPF and PPF. When compared to all methods the % of THD can be reduced to1. 95% by the ombination of the two methods. Table 2. Comparison of % of THD SYSTEM % of THD Before compensation 30. 44 Passive Power Filter 4. 96 Shunt Active Power Filter 4. 85 Combination of Shunt Active power Filter and Passive power Filter 1. 95 Table 3. Comparison of Power factor SYSTEM POWER FACTOR Passive Power Filter 0. 9218 Shunt Active Power Filter 0. 9547 Combination of Shunt Active power Filter and Passive 0. 9554 Time (s) Amplitude [A] Harmonic order THD = 1. 95% 1. 2 0 Mag [% of fundamental] International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4 – No. 3, July 2010 13 power Filter As listed in table 3 the power factor also mproved to 0. 9554 when compared to other two methods. Table 4. System parameters SYSTEM PARAMETERS VALUES Source impedance R=0. 5 ohm L=1 mH Load R=10. 6 ohm L=58. 2 mH PPF C= 625 ? F L= 20. 17 mH SAPF R=0. 001 ohm L=3. 5mH Table 4 gives the system parameters of the simulation system. 5. CONCLUSION The system of Passive power Filter, Shunt Active Power Filter and the combination of Passive power Filter and Shunt Active Power Filter is proposed in this work. Improved generalised Integrator controller is proposed here. When compared to the three methods the combination of Passive power Filter and Shunt Active Power Filter is efficient for harmonic suppression and power factor improvement. By this method the % of THD can be reduced to 1. 95 and the power factor is increased to 0. 9554. 6. REFERENCES [1] An Luo, Zhikang Shuai, Wenji Zhu, and Z. John Shen,† Combined System for Harmonic Suppression and Reactive Power Compensation† IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, no. 2, February 2009. [2] C. K. Duffey and R. P. Stratford, Update of Harmonic Standard IEEE-5 19: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Supply Systems. IEEE Trans. IAS, pp. 1025-1034, Nov/Dec. 1989. [3] J. -C. Wu, H. -L. Jou, and Y. -T. Feng, â€Å"Novel circuit topology for three-phase active Power filter,† IEEE Trans. Power Del. , vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 444–449, Jan. 2007. [4] S Z. Shuai, A. Luo, R. Fan et al, â€Å"Injection branch design of injection type hybrid active power filter,† Autom. Elect. Power Syst. , vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 57–60, Jun. 2007 [5] M. H. Abdel-Rahman, F. M. H. Youssef, and A. A. Saber, â€Å"New static var compensator control strategy and coordination with under-load tap changer,† IEEE Trans. Power Del. , vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1630–1635 Jul. 2006 [6] X. Yuan, W. Merk, H. Stemmler et al. , Stationaryframe generalized integrators for current control of ctive power filters with zero steady-state error for current harmonics of concern under unbalanced and distorted operating conditions,† IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. , vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 523–532, Mar. /Apr. 2002. [7] Q . Tan,W. Li, L. Chang, and H. Huang, â€Å"A hybrid neuro-fuzzy syst em For robot control,† in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Intell. Syst. 21st Century, 1995, pp. 2916–2921. [8] Z. Chengyong, L. Xiangdong, and L. Guangkai, â€Å"Parameters Optimization of VSC-HVDC control system based on simplex algorithm,† in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. General Meeting, 2007, pp. 1–7. [9] C. K. Duffey and R. P. Stratford, Update of Harmonic Standard IEEE-519: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Supply Systems. IEEE Trans. IAS, pp. 1025- 1034, Nov/Dec. 1989. [10] Hirofumi Akagi, Fellow,. â€Å"New trends in active filter for power conditioning†, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, Vol 32, no6. November/December 1996. [11] K. -K. Shyu, M. -J. Yang, Y. -M. Chen, and Y. -F. Lin, â€Å"Model reference adaptive control design for a shunt active-power-filter system,† IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. , vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 97–106, Jan. 2008. [12] L. Malesani, L. Rossetto, and P. Tenti, â€Å"Active filter for reactive power and harmonics compensation,†in Proc. IEEE PESC’86, 1986, pp. 321–330. [13] T. M. Rowan and R. J. Kerkman, â€Å"A new synchronous current regulator and an analysis of current regulated PWM inverters,† IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat. , vol. IA-22, pp. 678–690, July/Aug. 1986. [14] S. A. Gonzalez, R. Garcia-Retegui, and M. Benedetti, â€Å"Harmonic computation technique suitable for active power filters,† IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. , vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2791–2796, Oct. 2007. [15] K. M. Cho,W. S. Oh, Y. T. Kim, and H. J. Kim, â€Å"A new switching strategy for pulse width modulation (PWM) power converters,† IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. , vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 330–337, Feb. 2007.